Histological and Biochemical Effects of Orally administered Lead acetate on the Liver of Adult Wistar Rats of both Sexes

Lead (Pb2+) is a toxic heavy metal, unsafe even in small amounts. This study evaluated the histological and biochemical effects of lead acetate at different durations and dose on the liver of Wistar rats of both sexes. Thirty-Six (36) adult Wistar rats, were categorized into six groups, with each group containing 3 male and 3 female rats. Group 1 served as control for group 2 and 3. Group 2 and 3 received 30 and 60 mg/kg of lead acetate for 14 days respectively. Group 4 served as control for group 5 and 6. Group 5 and 6 received 30 and 60 mg/kg of lead acetate for 28 days respectively. At the end of the experiment, the rats were sacrificed and blood samples were collected in 5 ml plain bottle for liver enzymes evaluation. The liver tissue was excised for histological studies. A Significant (p<0.05) sex difference in serum levels of Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) and Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) was observed in group 3 female Wistar rats when compared to group 3 male Wistar rats that were administered 60 mg/kg lead acetate for 14 days. Histological studies of the liver showed normal cytoarchitecture in the control group. However, in group 2, 3, 5 and 6 Wistar rats there were changes in the cytoarchitecture evidenced by vacuolation, ballooning degeneration and necrosis of hepatocytes. Exposure to lead acetate induces toxic effect on the liver of adult Wistar rats of both sexes and this is dependent on the dose and duration.

Key Words: Lead Acetate, Liver, Wistar Rats, Histology, Liver Enzymes