Neuro-Protective Attenuating Efficacy of Niazimicin on Neonate Prefrontal Cortex in Second Week Lead-Induced Toxicity; Wister Rat Model

The activities of Lead, a quite extensively studied environmental and occupational heavy metal, is been desired by several as a means of income, creating boundless possibility for it neurotoxic effect which is more pronounce in children neuropsychological development. Niazimicin (Nz), an isolate of Moringa Oleifera (MO), has neuroprotective property. Thus we explored if Nz can protect against prenatalPb-induced toxicity as well as PFC damage, across various days in 2nd. A total of 70 adultWistarrats (180 - 200g) comprising of 50 female and 20 male, were randomly assigned into five (5) groups, each group comprised of 10 female with 4 male, housed in plastic cages under natural light and dark cycles at room temperature with access to standard rat chow and water ad libitum. Group A received distilled water, group B was given tween 80 vehicle, group C received Nz, group D received Lead (Pb) while group E were given Pb+Nz. Pregnancy was confirmed by vaginal smear, and all administrations were through oral route for 3 days (day 8-10), afterward two female each from various group were sacrificed in order to harvest pops in day 1, 7, 14, 21 and 35. One-way ANOVA was used to analyze data, followed by Tukey's multiple comparisons test, using Graph pad Prism 6. Approval was obtained from the University of Ilorin Research Ethics Committee with no: UERC/ASN/2016/359. Pb significantly reduced the body weight (day 7, 21 and 35) and the relative brain weight changes (day1) with obvious reduction across other days. MDA and Calcium ion with SOD, GPx, LDH and G6PDH levels showed a significant increase with decrease respectively.Pb promote pyknotic and chromatolytic neurons, reducing deeply stained neurons, and the density of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) positive reactive astrocytes expression was increased. However, Nz ameliorated those Pb toxic effects, with mild toxic outcome on Nz alone treated groups. Nz was able to ameliorate neonatal Pb-induced neurotoxicity, which account for morphological damages, lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress, metabolic stress and astrogliosis. However, this finding has been able to elucidate the potentials of Nz as a neuro-protective agent against Pb-induced neurotoxicity.

Key Words: Moringa Oleifera (MO), Niazimicin (Nz), Neurotoxicity, prefrontal cortex (PFC)