Melatonin and Magnesium Suppresses Diabetic Kidney Disease in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic rats

Diabetic kidney disease accounts for more than 40% of all end stage kidney disease (ESKD) in the United States and the world at large. The aim of this study was to evaluate the histological and biochemical effects of magnesium and melatonin on the kidney of streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. To achieve this aim fifty-four Wistar rats were used in the study. Streptozotocin (STZ) was used to induce chemical type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) after two weeks acclimatization period. Forty-eight diabetic rats were randomly distributed in eight groups and six normal normoglycaemic rats were used as control. The animals were assigned into nine groups as follows, Normal control group (NC), Diabetic control (DC) group, Melatonin Low dose group of 10 mg/kgbw (MLD), magnesium low dose group of 240 mg/kgbw (MgLD), melatonin and magnesium combined low dose group of 10mg/kgbw+240mg/kgbw (MMgLD), melatonin high dose group of 20mg/kgbw (MHD), magnesium high dose group of 480mg/kgbw (MgHD), melatonin and magnesium high dose combined group of 20mg/kgbw+480mg/kgbw (MMgHD) and insulin at 500mg/kgbw group (IN). Melatonin and insulin were administered through intraperitoneal injections (IP) while magnesium was by oral administration. The control groups were given placebo and all group treatment was for twenty-one days. The kidney tissues were evaluated for nephropathy using H&E and Massons trichrome stain. Histopathological results showed that melatonin given at low dose, high dose and when combined with low dose magnesium suppresses histopathological features of Diabetic kidney disease in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Key Words: Diabetes, Streptozotocin, Melatonin. Magnesium, Nephropathy, Glomerulopathy, Kidney