Ameliorative Effects of Nigella sativa Oil in Hepato renal Toxicity induced by Cyclophosphamide in Wistar Rats

Cyclophosphamide (CP) is a widely used chemotherapeutic and immunosuppressive agent, however, its clinical applications are often limited by its severe toxicity, particularly affecting the liver and kidneys. The search for natural protective agents against CP-induced toxicity has gained significant attention. Nigella sativa oil (NSO), derived from black seeds, has been recognized for its hepatoprotective properties. This study investigated the protective efficacy of NSO against CP-induced hepatorenal toxicity in adult female Wistar rats, by evaluating the potential of NSO in mitigating CP-induced hepatic and renal damage through biochemical, hematological, and histopathological assessments. Twenty-five female Wistar rats were randomly assigned to five groups (n=5): two control groups (positive control received normal saline, negative control received CP) and three treatment groups that received 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg, and 800 mg/kg of NSO combined with 0.5 mg/kg CP via the orogastric route for 21 days. Hematological, serum biochemical parameters, organ weights, and tissue histopathology were evaluated. Acute toxicity studies revealed no mortality or adverse effects at 5000 mg/kg NSO. Sub-acute toxicity results showed significant increases (p < 0.05) in body and organ weights across all groups. Hematological analysis indicated a dose dependent increase in white blood cell count. Liver enzymes and urea levels increased in the highest dosage group (p < 0.05), in contrast, glucose, total cholesterol and triglycerides decreased significantly. Histopathological examination revealed reduction of necrosis and inflammation. These findings suggest the protective potential of NSO against drug-induced toxicity.

Key Words: Nigella sativa oil, hepato-renal, toxicity, cyclophosphamide, Wistar rats